Why Collect Rainwater

Municipal water systems are also users of rainwater. It is just that the water they use has come in contact with and traveled over and/or under the ground. In this process the water dissolves and mixes with all sorts of minerals and chemicals some hazardous (pesticides and fertilizers from lawns and farming), some are just annoying (dissolved calcium chloride and salts) which makes the water hard and leaves mineral deposits in pipes and on surfaces. This raw water is then processed by adding chemicals to treat pathogens and remove some of the hardness. In the case of private water wells the mineral content can be extremely high, making the water hardly fit for human consumption. Rainwater collected from your properly constructed system will contain only minimal amounts of minerals. Testing shows no chlorine, a pH between 6.2 and 6.8, and very low alkalinity. All in all the water is very soft; a bar of soap can last for months! All other detergent usage will be reduced as well. Besides, it just feels and tastes good.

Ground water is sometimes heavy in minerals and not desirable in a domestic water source. Municipal supplies are not always available and when they are, often contain undesirable chemical additives.

Rainwater collection systems start out as a “large math problem”. Consumption, collectable area, annual rainfall, and storage capacity all contribute to the viability of a rainwater collection system. Size of collection area and maximum rate of expected rainfall will determine which filtering equipment will be needed. Estimated consumption will help determine storage requirements.

Rainfilters of Texas Conversion Tables
Table: Gallons per minute from roof area @ rate of rain in inches per hour
 
Inches of Rain per Hour (IRpH)
Sq.Ft 1/4 1/2 3/4 1 1 1/4 1 1/2 1 3/4 2 2 1/4 2 1/2 2 3/4 3
Roof
500 1.3 2.6 3.9 5.2 6.5 7.8 9.1 10.4 11.7 13.0  14.3   15.6
750 2.0 3.9 5.9 7.8 9.8 11.7 13.7 15.6 17.6 19.5  21.5 23.4
1000 2.6 5.2 7.8 10.4 13.0 15.6 18.2 20.8 23.4 26.0  28.6 31.2
1250 3.3 6.5 9.8 13.0 16.3 19.5 22.8 26.0 29.3 32.5  35.8 39.0
1500 3.9 7.8 11.7 15.6 19.5 23.4 27.3 31.2 5.1 39.0  42.9 46.8
1750 4.6 9.1 13.7 18.2 22.8 27.3 31.9 36.4 41.0 45.5  50.1 54.6
2000 5.2 10.4 15.6 20.8 26.0 31.2 36.4 41.6 46.8 52.0  57.2 62.4
 
1  Table numbers represent gallons per minute i.e. 7.80 gal/min @ rainfall of 3/4 in/hr over 1000 sq. ft. of roof area
2  1000 sq. ft. Is recommended max. roof size per 4" dia downspout.
  
Estimated Capture Efficiency for Downspout Filter
  
Gallons per Minute (GPM)
Minimum 24" of downspout above filter unit
  
GPM GPM GPM Capture Equivalent to:
Total Lost Captured Rate IRpH on IRpH on
Unfiltered Filtered 1000sqft 1500sqft
5.52 0.3 5.2 95.06% 1/2+ 1/4+
15.87 2.2 13.7 86.30% 1 1/2+ 1+
19.19 4.1 15.1 78.76% 1 3/4+ ~1 1/4
31.93 14.0 18.0 56.30% 3+ 2+
Most rain events are well below 2 IRpH, in fact most are under 1 IRpH. Resulting in an
overall expected efficiency of over 90%, with no loss of effectiveness.
 
Approximate Collection Yield for Various Roof Sizes per Inch of Rain
Note: Larger rainfall numbers may be used to estimate annual harvest potential
 
    Roof Size in Square Feet (sqft).
  500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 4500 5000
Rainfall
0.5 156 312 468 624 779 935 1091 1247 1403 1558.5
1.0 312 624 935 1247 1559 1871 2182 2494 2806 3117
2.0 623 1247 1870 2494 3117 3741 4364 4987 5611 6234
3.0 935 1871 2805 3741 4676 5612 6546 7481 8417 9351
4.0 1246 2494 3740 4988 6234 7482 8728 9974 11222 12468
5.0 1558 3118 4675 6235 7793 9353 10910 12468 14028 15585
10.0 3115 6235 9350 12470 15585 18705 21820 24935 28055 31170
20.0 6230 12470 18700 24940 31170 37410 43640 49870 56110 62340
30.0 9345 18705 28050 37410 46755 56115 65460 74805 84165 93510
40.0 12460 24940 37400 49880 62340 74820 87280 99740 112220 124680
All information presented on this page is believed to be accurate. Rainfilters of Texas does not guarantee the accuracy of this information.
 
Other helpful conversions:
 
Volume
  
1 cubic foot (cf) = 7.48 gallons (gal) = 1,728 cubic inches (ci)
1 cubic meter (m3) = 35.3145 cf = 264.15 gal = 1,000 liters (ltr)
1 gal = 3,785 cubic centimeters (cc) = 230.976 ci = 3.785 ltr
1 ltr = 10 centimeters (cm) X 10 cm = 1,000 cc
1 ltr per second = 15.85 GPM
Area
1 square meter (sm) = 10.764 sqft

Most domestic water waste comes from irrigation of landscaping. It may take 1.6 gallons to flush a toilet, while watering a sizeable lawn can take more than 7,000 gallons for a single watering event, with the greatest water demand during the summer when rainfall is sporadic.

Household Water Use

Personal Washing 33.3%
Toilets 25.0%
Clothes Washing 14.0%
Drinking & Other 13.1%
Dish Washing 7.1%
Gardens 6.1%
Car Washing 0.7%
Direct Heating System 0.1%


Most people have never had to carry the water they use. If you ever experienced this yourself, even for a few days, you would gain a unique respect for the value of water and how you use it. When water comes from a municipal supply the resource appears limitless.